Is modern logic an improvement on Aristotelian logic or is there some other relationship between the two? In which sense is modern logic more advanced than Aristotelian logic? Is logic a cummulative developing discipline or is the progress in the course of the history of logic somehow different from the cumulatively developing processes? Are these logics based on different -- mutually untranslatable -- paradigms? The paper analyzes these questions in connection with some more general problems of the philosophy of science.